The Index of Refraction
The index of refraction, also known as refractive index, they are both the same thing but what they do is measure the bending of a ray of light when passing from one medium to another. But the speed of light changes for each medium, Light travels at a speed of 3.00 x 108
Light is refracted only when it hits a boundary at an angle, shown in this picture. but if the light goes straight down into the substance in will continue to go straight down.
You need to understand that when light hits the substance, the speed of light changes. As shown in this picture when the light ray hits the substance, it bends towards the normal. The normal is the line that is perpendicular to the surface of the substance. and if the light ray were to speed up when it hits the substance, it moves away from the normal.
The index of refraction for a medium is a defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in that medium. Mathematically, in the index of refraction is written as...
n = c/v
n = is the index of refraction
c = is the speed of light in a vacuum
v = is the speed of light in that substance
https://youtu.be/kc2o73FyN3I
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kc2o73FyN3I
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